Mechanical movement



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

I J. S. ADAMS.

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT.

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UNITE STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN S. ADAMS, OF ELGIN, ILLINOIS.

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters. Patent No. 244,970, dated August2, 1881.

(No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN S. ADAMS, a citizen of the United States,residin g in Elgin,in the county of Kane and State of Illinois, haveinvented a new and useful Gearing and Governing Mechanism for Windmillsand other Motors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in mechanical movements designed toutilizethe power of pumping-windmills for the purpose ofoperatin gother'machinery. These improvements, although designed primarily for useand described in connection with pumpingwindmills, may also be used withother motors for the purpose of converting motion and controlling speed.a

The objects of my invention are, first, to provide improved means forconverting reciprocating into intermittent rotary motion; second, toprovide means by which a comparatively high rate of speed may becommunicated to the rotary shaft; third, to provide means by which theintermittent rotary action of the shaft may be caused to communicate toother mechanism a continuous rotary motion; fourth, to provide anindependently-journaled anti-friction guide for the reciprocating rack;fifth, to provide an improved construction and arrangement of thehangers and the frame in which the converting mechanism is journaled;sixth, to adapt a centrifugal governor to operate in combination with amechanism for converting motion for the purpose of control ling thespeed of the windmill or other motor from which the reciprocating actionof the pitlnan or connecting-rod is communicated. I attain these objectsby the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in whichtFigure 1 is a perspective of mechanism embodying my invention; Fig. 2, alongitudinal horizontal section on the line -2 z of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is alongitudinal vertical section of the entire machine; Fig. 4, atransverse vertical section through the pitrnan, the reciprocating rack,and pinions on the line 00 as of Figs. 2 and 3, and Fig. 5 a transversevertical section through the ratchet-wheels and small pinion on the liney y, Figs. 2 and 3.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

The bearing-frame A and the hangersB B, secured to the timbers O C,constitute the frame-work of the machine.

Formed upon the bearing-frame A are cylindrical projections or bosses 1,2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, within'which are the bearings of the main shaft D andof the counter-shaftsD D (See Fig. 2.) The head of hanger B is providedwith a cylindrical opening through which boss 1 extends, and is securedtherein by means of a set-screw, a, or other suitable fastening. HangerB is provided with two heads through which extend bosses 4: and 5, whichbosses are rigidly secured therein by set-screws or other suitablemeans, as'is boss 1 at a. By thus securing the bearing-frame to thehangers at three points I provide a frame-work that is rigid, compact,convenient, and economical.

F represents a double rack,which meshes with the pinions G G, and isreciprocated by means of the pitman or connecting rod E actuated by thewind-wheel or other motor. Rack F is provided with an elongated centralslot or opening, within which is fitted a flanged rotary guide, F,journaled upon a sleeve or bushing, F which insures the proper depthingof the teeth of the rack and the pinions G G, and also prevents lateraldisplacement of the rack.. Guide F is preferably formed of two parts, asshown in Fig. 3, bolted together so that the two flanges will overlapthe sides of and form the guides for the rack.

For the purpose of relieving the main shaft from all frictionand-pressure resulting from the reciprocating action of the rack and thepinions, the bore of the sleeve or bushing F is chambered or enlargedthe entire length of the bearing of the guide F, so that the lateralpressure upon the. guide cannot be communicated to the main shaft; or,in other words, the bore of the bushing F is made large where it passesthrough the rotary flanged guide F, so that it cannot come in contactwith and cause friction on the main shaft by reason of any lateralmovement of said guide against the bushing. The sleeve or bushing Fextends through bearing-frame A, within which it is rigidly secured by aset-screw, a, and forms a bearing for the main shaft D, which shaft hasalso a bearing in the bushing F properly secured within boss 1.

The pinions G G are loose upon their shaft,

and are oscillating in operation by reason of the reciprocations of theconnecting-rod E, from which power is communicated, and are providedwith vertical flanges g g, to which are pivoted pawls h h.

Adjacent the pinions G G, and rigidly secured upon the counter-shafts DD by setscrews (1 (1, respectively, are gear-wheels I I, meshing with apinion, It, rigid upon the main shaft. The flanges of the gear-wheels Il are provided with an internal ratchet, as shown in Fig. 5, with whichthe pawls h It are adapted to alternately engage and rotate saidgearwheels, the pinion 7;, and the main shaft. Pawls It h areautomatically operated by links '5 t", connected at one end with a pinupon the pawl and at the other end encircling the hubs of thegear-wheels so as to be frictiontight upon said hubs.

The effect of using a friction-link as above described is to cause thealternate releasing of the pawl from the ratchet-teeth, and hence removethe objectionable noise from the clicking of the pawl upon the teeth ofthe ratchet during its backward movement. So faras the automaticoperation of the pawl is concerned, it may be acquired by the use of anordinary spring secured upon the flange of the pinion below and engagingwith the pawl without departing from the spirit of my invention.

For the purpose of giving to the main shaft a rate of speed suitable foroperating machinery, Ihave proportioned this train of gearing,consisting of the reciprocating double rack, the oscillatingpinions, theratchet-wheels, and the small pinion, so as to give to the main shaft atleast three revolutions to one revolution of the wind-wheel, from whichthe power is transmitted through the connecting-rod.

For the purpose of disconnecting a portion of this mechanism when it isdesirable to use the windmill for pumping only, the small pinion 7; maybe moved out of gear with the ratchet-wheels by loosening its set-screwsor other fastening and moving it longitudinally upon the main shaft.

From the foregoing description of the construction and operation of thismechanism it will be seen that when the pitman is actuated bythe crankof a windmill the ratchet-wheels, the small pinion, and the main shaftwill have an intermittent rotary motion, that during the first half ofeach stroke of the pitman the mechanism will move with an acceleratingspeed, that during the last half of each stroke the speed will diminish,and that at the termination of each stroke of the pitman the mechanismwill have a point or period of rest. It is obvious that this variableand intermittent rotary motion is not suitable for operating machinery,and that it is desirable to adopt some means by which it may beconverted into a or the momentum of the machinery driven thereby willproduce a continuous rotary motion, and that it is common to use thisforce for that purpose; but I find that dependence upon this force alonefor that purpose is.attended with serious danger of injury to themechanism or to the windmill, or both, because of the concentration ofthe power of the windmill upon the mechanism at a point near the centerof each stroke of the pitman, and the consequent severe strains upon thewindmill, the pitman, and the converting mechanism. For the purpose ofreducing the intensity of these strains and of enabling the windmill toexert its power upon the mechanism during a much larger portion of eachstroke of the pitman, I have provided an elastic medium connecting themain shaft and the balancewheel, which medium in this case consists ofthe spiral spring L, one end of which is secured to the collar M,rigidly fastened to the main shaft, and the other end secured to the hubof the balance-wheel N, which wheel is fitted loosely upon the mainshaft, thus permitting the shaft to revolve faster or slower than theba-lance-wheel,in accordance with the movement of the pitman atdifferent points of the crank-motion of the windmill. The coiled springL, thus connecting the main shaft and the balance-wheel or other drivenmechanism, acts as a reservoir or an equalizer of power and motion,receiving more rapidly than itimparts during the central or rapidportions of the stroke of the pitman, and imparting more rapidly than itreceives near the ends of the stroke, thus giving to the balance-wheelor other driven mechanism an elastic, continuous, and nearly uniformrotary motion without excessive strain upon the converting mechanism atany point of its action.

In the use of this mechanism for driving machinery requiring uniformityof speed, it becomes necessary to employ some means to prevent the toorapid motion of the windmill during heavy winds, and as many of thewindmills with which this mechanism may be used are provided with agoverning mechanism that is very imperfect in its action, I have foundit necessary to provide a centrifugal governor adapted to operate withthis mechanism and to control the action of the windmill through theinstrumentality of the rope, chain, or rod used for stopping orcontrolling manually its action. This governor is attached to the 0011-verting mechanism by means of the sleeved bracket N, attached to boss 1of the bearingframe A, and is operated by means of the bevel-gears O 0,attached severally to the main shaft of the mechanism and the verticalshaft P of the governor. The pinion O has bracket.

IIO

per plate of a clutch, which will presently be described.

Upon the lower end of the vertical shaft is a rigid collar, 1',supporting a coiled spring, R, the upper end of which is secured to abracket, S, sleeved upon the vertical shaft. The bracket S is supportedupon a collar, s,rigid upon the vertical shaft, and has pivoted at theinner ends of its arms forked levers s s, the lower arms of which arecurved inwardly and carrying the rods s s of the governor-balls T T. Theupper arms of the levers are adapted to engage with rods .9 s to liftand operate the lower plate, 25, of a friction-clutch, T, which platecarries perforated lugs, in which such rods are vertically adjustable byan ordinary setscrew passing through the lugs and pinching the rods. Thelower plate, 25, of the frictionclutch is provided with vertical innerand outer flanges or rims, 25 t respectively, the latter of which rimshas its inner face beveled to correspond with an inner rim on the upperplate. The upper arms of the forked levers are adapted to engagewithrods s s? to lift and operate the'lower plate, t, of thefriction'clutch, which plate carries perforated lugs in its periphery,in which such rods are vertically adjusted by ordinary set-screwspassing through the lugs and pinching the rods.

The lower plate, t, of the friction-clutch is provided with a verticalinner rim, t, and a beveled or inclined outer rim, t forming an annularchamber adapted to receive a corresponding inner rim, u, of the upperplate, U, of the clutch, so that when said plates are forced togetherthey will by friction bind upon each. other and the upper plate becaused to revolve with the lower plate. Plate U is also provided with anouterrim overlapping that of the lower plate and preventing access offoreign substance between said plates. The pinion 1), before described,upon the plate U engages with a horizontally revolving gearwheel, Tpivoted to the bracket-arm N, and having a hub, tflforming a drum, uponwhich is armed a cord passing under apulley,V, and

through a guide-eye, v, and connecting the governor with the governingmechanism of the windmill or other motor.

From the above-described construction and connection of theball-governor with the main shaft, and consequently with theconnectingrod and also with the governing mechanism of the windmill orother motor, it will be understood that when the wind-wheel andconnecting-rod have attained beyond a desired maximum velocity,centrifugal force, acting upon the governor-balls, will throw themoutwardly, and in doing so will cause the upper arms of the forked leverto come in contact with and move the rod of the lower frictionplate ofthe clutch upwardly, and cause it to bind upon and revolve the upperplate.

soon as the upper plate begins to revolve the same motion is imparted tothe drum-pinion, and consequently the cord is wound upon the drum, whichhas the effect of operating the governing mechanism of the wind mill orother motor to decrease its velocity or power. .When the upper platebegins to revolve the screwthreaded pinion causes the plate to riseuntil the velocity of the ball-governor is maintained at a given rate orbegins to decrease, when the weight of the balls, the lower plate, andthe mechanism it supports cause the lower plate to sink, andconsequently be released, but not instantly; for the reason that thereis more or less friction between the plates until entirely separated.

By having the clutchgradually released from contact the sudden unwindingof the cord from the drum is prevented, the decrease in velocity of thegovernor-balls is made more uniform, and hence there are no violent,injurious movements of the windmill-governing mechanism, the wind-wheel,or of the mechanism for converting its motion. This equalizing functionis also augmented by the springconnectin g the bracket carryinggovernor-balls with the vertical and main shaft, which spring alsoserves to prevent a jerking of the balls, and consequently straining theshaft and their connecting mechanism, when said balls are subjected to asudden and violent power tending to increase the velocity, for thecoiled spring will take up a portion of this power and gradually but notsuddenly impart it to the governorballs in the same manner as the springconnecting the main shaft and the balance-wheel. Furthermore, theimmediate sensitive effect of the ball-governor upon thewindmill-governin g mechanism is dependent upon the length of cordnecessary to be taken up by the drum to cause a given action ofthe'governin g mechanism to resist or counteract a power tending tooperate the windmill or other motor beyond a desired maximum velocity.

By having the screw-threaded pinion upon the correspondingscrew-threaded-bushing for connecting the clutch with the drum I amenabled by increasing or diminishing the pitch of the screw-threads todetermine the necessary number of revolutions of the upper plate of theclutch to cause the desired length of cord to be taken up by the drum.

Settingthe rods 8 8 up or downin the clutchplate F enables theadjustment of thislength of the rods relative to levers s carrying thegovernor-balls, and hence determine the velocity which the balls mayattain'before the levers What I claim, and desire to secure by LettersPatent, is-- 1. In a mechanical movement, the combination, with areciprocatin g connecting rod, a rea pinion upon said volving shaft, andintermediate meehanism,of a ball-governor cJnneeting said rod and shaftwith and controll ngthegoverning mechanism of a windmill or their motor.

2. The combination, with the connccting rod, the rack upon said red, theoseillat ng pinic ns, and the pawls piv ted upon said pinions, oftherevolving gear-w reels engagi lg n ith and revolved by said pa vls, therevo ring shaft, and

shaft engaging vith the revolving gear-wheels, snbstanti. lly asdescribed and shown.

3. The combina ion,with the oscillating inions, the revolvinggear-wheels having an internal ratchet, anl the pawls pivt ted to theith the revolviu g verreciprocating clutch, g said clutch with thepinions and engaging with the gem-wheels, of a friction-link adapted todiseligage the pawl from the internal ratchet, as and for the p trposeset forth.

4-. Thecombination, with the connecting-rod and with the rack, ofarotary flanged guide sleeved upon the hearing of he] Jail shaft andadapted to present a lateral oscillation of the melt.

5. The combination, with the cannectil the slotted rack, 11 ndtheilanged g lldC an and operating in said rack, of the rev g-rod an gedol vi n g seated bracket carrying said balls.

13. The combination, with the vertical shaft, the revolvingreciprocating clutch, the drum carrying the cord connecting said clutchwith the governingmechanism ofa windmill or other motor, of a bushingsupporting and forminga bearing for the vertical shaft, and providedwith a screw-thread adapted to support and operate the clutch,substantiallyas and for the purpose described. 7 i

14. The combination, with the connectingrod and a slotted double rackupon said rod,

main shaft carrying said guide.

6. The combinatiomwith thec the slotted rack, the flanged g1 ide, a idthe main shaft, of a bushing c rryii 1 the tnged guide and having itsbore enlargcl, as and for the purpose described.

7. In a mechanical movement tion, with the main shaft a 1d a l looseupon said shalt, ofa sprii said wheel and shaft, substantially as to thepurpose described.

meati ig-rod,

the binaalai -vheel g connecting d for 8. The combination, with theintermittentlyrevolving gear-wheels and the main shaft, of abalance-wheel anda spring connecting said wheel with the main shaft.

9. The combination, with the connecting-rod, the double rack, theoscillating pinions, the gear-wheels, the mam shaft, and mechanismconnecting said pinions, gear wheels, and shaft, of a spring-seatedbalance, or belt wheel sleeved upon the main shaft.

10. In a mechanical movement, the combination, with a main shaft, avertical shaft, the governing-balls, and a friction clutch revolving andreciprocating upon the vertical shaft, of mechanism connecting saidclutch and governing-balls with and adapted to cause the of theoscillatingpinions journaled upon counter-shafts and operated by saidrack, the revolving gearwheel intermittently actuated by clutch orratchet mechanism connecting said gear-wheel and oscillating pinions,the central main shaft passing through the slotted rack, and the pinionupon the main shaft meshing with the gear-Wheels, substantially as andfor the purpose specified.

15. In a mechanical movement, the combinatiomwi th a bearing-frame, of asin gle-headed hanger and a double-headed hanger secured to saidbearing-frame, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

16. In a mechanical movement, the combination, with a single-headedhanger and a double-headed hanger, of a bearing-frame provided withprojections sleeved within the heads of said hangers, and securedthereto by set-screws or othersuitable means, for the purpose specified.

Signed this 25th day of March, A. D. 1881.

JOHN S. ADAMS.

Witnesses:

JNo. G. ELLIOTT, WILL. (J. WHITING.

substantially as dc-

